About 200 yards south of the Netherton Station (probably the one called Stannington Station now), the railway line passes through a quadrangular enclosure c.90 x 65x having the appearance of a camp; to the north east of this are two others at 90yds and 180yds distant, the former is 40x square, the latter 60 x 50x. Due east of the latter at c.330x distance is a fourth c.90x square. Each has a rampart and ditch. (1)

Stannington Station was originally called Netherton. The station was re-named between 1890-1900. (2)

(A-NZ 21778135, B-NZ 21838141, C-NZ 21918149, D-NZ 22218149).
No trace remains of any of these enclosures. The field to the west of the railway is under crop and the two fields to the east of the railway are market gardens. Local enquiries revealed no further information. Sited from the information in T1. Aerial photographs not consulted. (3)

Listed under rectilinear sites, but unclassified. (4)

Four enclosures noted by MacLauchlan (A,B,C and D) at NZ21858111, NZ21868120, NZ21978123 and NZ22228120 respectively, with an additional Jobey site (E) at NZ22408120. All have been greatly reduced by the plough, and are commonly visible as superficial ditches only. The two best preserved (A and D) have the sub-rectangular form and general proportions of the local type of small Romano-British domestic enclosure, together with the characteristic east-facing entrance. Also, in the case of A, the internal 'depressed yard' flanking the entrance.
The remains of the other three are too slight to admit of comparison, but it seems reasonable to assume that they are contemporary, and that the whole represents extensive settlement. Surveyed at 1:2500. (5)

NZ 220815. Rectilinear settlement at Stannington. (6)

The site at NZ 22408120 (E in Authority 5) has an annexe to the north east. (7)(8)

Evaluation along a section of the line of a proposed pipeline route for the Water Treatment Works at Stannington revealed remains of a large ditch in trench 1, which measured 3.6m wide by 0.9m deep. A small linear feature was also recorded to the east of the ditch. Although no dating evidence was recovered from either feature, it is likely that the ditch forms an element of an Iron Age or Romano-British settlement and field system. A stone quern was also recovered from the surface of the topsoil near trench 1, dating from the Iron Age/Romano-British period. Two additional trenches provided no evidence of archaeological features. The ditch seen in trench 1 can be seen on aerial photographs and suggests further features of similar date and nature may survive. (9)

A watching brief was carried out along the pipeline route for the Stannington Water Treatment Works in April 2005. A concentration of archaeological features was revealed at the northern end of the trench, amongst which was the course of the ditch seen in earlier trial trenching (see (9) above) was recorded and its northern extent identified. (10)

These enclosure are visible on air photos and some elements can be detected on the lidar imagery.
Enclosure A NZ21858111 (also referred to as West Stannington (Stannington 2) on the plan by GJ and AB dated 10 July 1957)
A rectilinear enclosure with an east facing entrance. Comprising a ditch with external bank and traces on internal bank and embanked divisions. A field boundary extends eastward from its north-east corner towards Enclosure C. Internally this enclosure measures approximately 66x59m. The ditch was visible as an earthwork on historical air photos but is also cut by post medieval narrow ridge and furrow, which also survived as low earthworks at that time. The banks were revealed as soilmarks on later air photos after this area was ploughed in the second half of the 20th century. This enclosure is bisected north to south by the North East Railway.
Enclosure B NZ21868120 - A rectilinear enclosure lying within 25m of the north-east corner of Enclosure A. It lies to the immediate east of the railway line. It is defined by a ditch and outer bank, though the latter is spread and uneven. Internally the enclosure measures 31x30m. The eastern corner of this enclosure has been clipped by a later medieval or post medieval trackway or boundary but was also close to a possible Iron Age or Roman ditch on a similar (but not identical) alignment. This latter ditch appears to be the one encountered in Trench 1 by the watching brief report in Source 9. As with A the enclosure ditch can be observed as a slight earthwork cut by post medieval narrow ridge and furrow on the historical air photos. The outer bank was revealed once the site had been ploughed.
Enclosure C NZ21978123 - This rectilinear enclosure is located to the north-east of enclosure A and east of enclosure B. It is defined by a ditch and broad inner and outer banks. Internally it measures 40x30m. Breaks in the banks along the eastern side may indicate the position of an entrance. The enclosure ditch is visible as earthworks on the earlier air photos, the most distinct of all the group, and like the others was cut by post medieval ridge and furrow. The banks were revealed once the site had been ploughed. The outer bank on the southern side of the enclosure is abutted by a pair of standing conjoined buildings. These appear to be of early 20th century date but later than 1924.
Enclosure C is abutted to the east by a single ditched enclosure that is centred at NZ2202 8124 and is visible as a soilmark on air photos taken in 1999. This enclosure does not appear to have the inner and outer banks observed on Enclosures A-C. It measures approximately 59x52m, internally. On earlier air photos this enclosure was clearly overlain by earthwork post medieval ridge and furrow but the ditch circuit was less clear at that time. Ditches extending northward and southward from the eastern corners of this enclosures are probably the remains of a contemporary boundary ditch.
Enclosure D (also referred to as The Plantation - Stannington and no. 4 on plans by GJ and AB dated 16th July 1957). This enclosure is centred a little north of the NGR given above at NY2220 8126. It lies to the north-west of a small crescent of woodland that is depicted on the Ordnance Survey map of 1924 but not the 1898 or 1866 editions. Enclosure D is one of a pair of rectilinear enclosures that abut either side of a long north to south aligned boundary ditch. Both enclosures can been traced as slight earthworks on the historical air photos and both are traversed by post medieval narrow ridge and furrow. The enclosures are defined by ditches but there are traces of internal and external banks on some sides. Enclosure D, to the west of the boundary, measures 39x31m, the eastern enclosure measures 38x24m. The field boundary can be traced in a south to north orientation between NZ2225 8079 and NZ2221 8139, at which point it takes an easterly trajectory to NZ2232 8144.
Enclosure E NZ22408120 is a complex rectilinear enclosure (also referred to as Netherton Wood - Stannington and no. 5 on plans by GJ and AB dated 16th July 1957.This enclosure is defined by a ditch with internal and external banks and it measures approximately 78x68m. It is subdivided into three narrow cells by two ditches and traces of banks within these indicate further subdivisions. A field boundary extends northward from the north-west corner of this enclosure. There are suggestions of a further enclosures between the eastern side of Enclosure E and Pegswhistle Burn. Some of enclosure E ditches can be traced beneath earthwork post medieval narrow ridge and furrow on the earliest air photos but as with others more details are revealed once the site had been ploughed.
Air photos of various dates also shows a further small enclosure and field boundary west of the railway line and Enclosure A. This enclosure, defined by a full ditch circuit and an outer bank on two sides, measures just 17x16m. It abuts a north to south aligned field boundary that can be seen over a distance of 420m. These features can be seen as very slight earthworks on the earliest air photos, underlying earthwork post medieval narrow ridge and furrow and are revealed by soilmarks on photos taken in 1988.
Taken together the long ditches indicate a system of land division with long boundaries running perpendicular to Pegwhistle Burn. The enclosures described above are arranged between these boundaries and several abut them. All of these features are likely to be of Iron Age or Roman date. Most of these features survived as earthworks until the 1950s although most had been subject to post medieval ploughing. This action paid little heed to the enclosures but did appear to respect some of the boundary ditches because at two locations they coincided with a change in plough direction. Air photos taken in 2007 show the cropmarks of a pipeline trench running north-west to south-east between Enclosures B and C. As noted above, one of these ditches was encountered in Trench 1 of the watching brief report in Source 9. No dateable material was recovered. (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

The enclosures described above are visible on air photographs taken in 2007 as soilmarks and cropmarks in two adjacent fields. Six enclosures are visible, all are sub-rectangular in shape but vary in size. The enclosures showing as soilmarks are delineated, most noticeably, by dark marks denoting ditches flanked on each side by slight paler soilmarks denoting upcast banks. Two of the enclosures are aligned directly either side of a linear ditch boundary. (16a-b)