[NY 9351 6409] In the nave of Hexham Abbey Church are fragments of three pre-Conquest crosses:-
(A) The 'Acca' cross c.740AD [associated with Bishop Acca 709-732] reconstructed from three sections.
(B) A fragment from the base of a similar cross; two other fragments from this cross, parts of the head and shaft, are in private possession [NY 96 SW 14], and in Durham Cathedral Library respectively.
(C) The middle section of a cross-shaft bearing a representation of the Crucifixion.
Two hog-backs, one of which Collingwood (3) dates 11th century, and two pillow-stones, are also in the Church. (1)(2)(3)

The Acca Cross is mounted on a modern plinth on the east side of the south transept. (B) and (C) above, stand by the north wall of the nave and on the west side of the south transept respectively. Other fragments of Anglo-Saxon crosses are built into the wall at the west end of the nave. The hog back and pillow stones are displayed in niches in the north wall of the nave. [See Illustrations Card.] (4)

Acca's cross and another part of a cross shaft stand in the S transept of the abbey. Acca's cross is in four pieces. The bottom of the shaft was used as a lintel in a cottage in Dilston, removed to Durham c1867, first mentioned in 1861. The large inscribed fragment was found near the east end of the abbey church in 1858, and two top pieces of the shaft were found in 1870 in foundations of a warehouse near St Mary's Church. Total reconstructed height 3.58m. Unweathered but worn smooth by handling. Most of the head, the central portion of the shaft and a section of the lower portion are missing. The carving is of high quality and inventive design. Date, second quarter of 8th century.
The second piece in the S transept is the central part of a cross-shaft. First mentioned in grounds of the Spital, near Hexham, in 1861. May originally come from Warden. Measures 1.042m x 0.33m-0.27m x 0.255m-0.21m deep. Slightly worn. The shaft is broken at the base and has a dowel hole at the top. Crucifixion scene on one face, interlace and volutes on others. Decoration comparable with Italian work. Date, mid-C8.
Thirteen pieces of stone sculpture are in the N wall of the nave, mostly in niches:
- cross-shaft and part of cross-head, in niche. Found in May 1908 in foundations of apse of modern choir. Measures 0.371m x 0.26m x 0.14m deep. Damaged but comparatively unworn. Interlace and animal design. Date, C10;
- cross-shaft and part of cross head, built into niche. Found in 1907 on site of canons' day room of medieval monastery. Measures 0.782m x 0.355m-0.303m x 0.14m deep. Damaged and worn, only one side now visible. Interlace and animal designs. Date, C10;
- cross-arm, in niche. First mentioned in 1925. Measures 0.276m x 0.198m x 0.14m deep. Damaged but comparatively unworn. Only carved on one side. Date, first half of C8;
- part of cross-head and part of top of shaft, in niche. First clear reference in 1865. Measures 0.584m x 0.308m x 0.165m deep. Unworn but damaged, with both horizontal arms missing. Date, early C11;
- cross-base, in niche. Found in 1864 in garden of Abbey Gate House. Presented to the church by Dr C R Kendal in 1907. Measures 0.307m x 0.307m x 0.152m deep. Imperfect and damaged but unworn. Ornament on two side faces. Leaf motif unusual at Hexham. Date, last quarter of C8 to first quarter of C9;
- round-headed grave marker, possibly recumbent, in niche. Found in January 1911 in digging foundations of building in Beaumont Street (now Conservative Club). Measures 0.22m x 0.316m x 0.115m deep. Unworn and apparently complete. Roughly shaped with a rounded top and slightly curved verticals. Cross in an incised circle on one broad face and an inscription: 'TV | ND | VI | NI' on each arm of the cross. Possibly represents the name 'Tondwine'. Date, late C8 to late C9;
- part of grave-marker, built in to the N wall and hidden by hogback. First noticed by G Trayhurn and T Middlemass in April 1972 when hogback moved. Measures 0.305m x 0.254m. Incomplete and worn. The cross motif appears unfinished. Possibly and apprentice piece or late. Date, possibly late C9 to early C10;
- hogback, in niche. Found by C C Hodges on 18th April 1907, lying on its side on upper surface of S wall of nave, used as filling in core of wall. Measures 0.962m x 0.23m x 0.387m deep. Broken at ends and base. The most northerly hogback in England. The length and simple ornament suggests a late date, second half of C10;
- panel fragment, one of three (others in Monks' Dormitory, Durham Cathedral). Fragment 'a' in N wall of Hexham Abbey was found on Campy Hill, NE of the church. Measures 0.305m x 0.406m x 0.165m deep. Ornament includes figures, animals and vine stems. Date, Roman or last quarter of C7;
- panel, built into niche in N wall. Discovered built into the floor of triforium in S transept by W Greenwell, removed in 1899. Measures 0.535m x 0.638m. Badly damaged around edges. Only one face visible, rosette motif. Date, Roman or last quarter of C7;
- animal impost, in niche. First mentioned in 1919. Measures 0.178m x 0.314m x 0.142m. Incomplete but unworn. One long face has part of a running animal carved on it. One narrow side has moulding. Could belong to St Wilfrid's Church. Date, last quarter of C7 to first quarter of C8;
- impost, in niche. Found on Campy Hill burial ground, N of chancel. Measures 0.203m x 0.311m x 0.155m deep. Incomplete and damaged but unworn. Interlace design on one long face. Date, second half of C8 to second half of C9;
- pilaster base or impost(?) in niche in N wall of nave. Found in garden of Hexham House, moved into church in 1888. Measures 0.335m x 0.425m x 0.165m deep. Unworn. Seems trapezoidal shape, imposts usually rectangular. Probably a free-standing base. Date, last quarter of C7 to last quarter of C8.
In the W wall of the nave are nine pieces of sculptured stone:
- round-headed grave-marker, built into the W wall of the nave. Measures 0.35m x 0.422m. Worn. Semi-circular head and sharply carved base. Stemmed cross on visible face. Either a foot- or head-stone. Inept carving. Date, late C9 to early C10;
- part of baluster impost or frieze, built into W wall. Found during restoration between 1899 and 1908. Measures 0.14m x 0.337m. Broken and slightly worn. One face visible. Date last quarter of C7;
- baluster impost or frieze, built into the S jamb of C20 W doorway of nave. Measures 0.14m x 0.47m x 0.213m deep. Slightly damaged but unweathered. Two faces visible with mouldings. Date, last quarter of C7;
- impost, built into N jamb of C20 W doorway of nave. Measures 0.14m x 0.75m x 0.54m deep. Unworn. Date, Roman or last quarter of C7;
- animal impost or frieze, built into W wall of nave. Found during reconstruction of 1899-1908, was used as a tread on medieval newel stair in west wall. Measures 0.215m x 0.29m. Damaged but unworn. Animal carving on long face. Date, first half of C8;
- string-course or impost, built into W wall of nave. Found during reconstruction of 1899-1908. Measures 0.13m x 0.43m. Incomplete and damaged but unworn. Only one face survives. Interlace ornament. Date, second half of C8 to second half of C9;
- string-course or impost, built into W wall of nave. Found during reconstruction of 1899-1908. Measures 0.14m x 0.40m. One face survives. Interlace ornament. Date, second half of C8 to second half of C9;
- fragment of animal frieze, built into W wall of nave. Found during reconstruction of 1899-1908. Measures 0.202m x 0.223m. Incomplete and damaged. Part of one face survives, with coiled serpent. Date, second half of C8 to second half of C9;
- fragment, built into W wall of nave. Found in gable of N transept in 1905. Measures 0.16m x 0.22m. Incomplete but unworn. May have framed a small opening. Date, last half of C8 to end of C9.
In the S aisle of the choir are the following stone sculptures:
- part of grave-cover, in W bay. Found in May 1908 close to large stone coffin. Measures 1.57m x 0.588m-0.37m x 0.115m deep. Broken on one side but unworn. The stone tapers slightly to each end. Vertical faces uncarved. Long-stemmed cross on top face. Probably belonged to a stone coffin nearby. Date, early C10 to mid-C11;
- fragment of animal frieze(?) or step(?), in S aisle of choir. First noticed by R Cramp in 1972. Measures 0.19m x 0.235m x 0.115m deep. Damaged but unworn. One face is carved, with a fish. Date, last quarter of C7;
- part of animal frieze, S aisle of choir. Found in restoration of tower in 1966. Measures 0.18m x 0.355m x 0.29 deep. Damaged but unworn. Part of a running animal carved on one long face. Date, last quarter of C7 to first quarter of C8.
In display cases against the S wall of the nave are eight fragments of one (or two) carved panels. Found in March 1907 in a hole, about the centre of the nave and near the W end. Stone is Hartlepool and Roker dolomite compared with sandstone for all the other stone sculptures. Traces of paint on some pieces. Date, last quarter of C7.
On a ledge in the N choir aisle is part of a baluster impost or frieze. Measures 0.14m x 0.229m x 0.101m deep. One carved face. Date, last quarter of C7.
Architectural fragment in niche in N wall of chancel abbey.
Measures 0.21m x 0.19m x 0.12m deep. Damaged and reused. One face is carved. Possible Roman fragment. Date, Roman or last quarter of C7.
Stone seat, first mentioned by Prior Richard (1142-1174), when it stood against the altar in the abbey church. Measures 0.59m x 0.80m x 0.545m deep. Worn smooth by handling. Original position unknown. Called the 'frith stool'. Date, last quarter of C7.
On the outer face of wall of N aisle of abbey are three pairs of columns. One fragment measures 0.67m x 0.34m diameter. The two other pieces measure 0.75m x 0.30m diameter. Unworn. Date, Roman to Norman.
Built into the W wall of the modern nave is part of a grave-slab. Found during reconstruction of the nave, find spot not recorded. Measures 0.35m x 0.26m. Unworn. Remains of the beginning of an inscription, probably Latin: --[+]HIC--. The inscription may have read:
HIC REQUIESCIT[--]IN CORPORE. Date, C11? (5)

Romano-British sculpture - two conjoined fragments in Hexham Abbey. Front facing figure with draped clothing over left shoulder and arm. It is not a representation of the crucifixion which is the only medieval sculpture which incorporates partial nudity. Therefore a Roman sculpture possibly from Corbridge. The garment is a Greek chiton or Roman toga. (6)

Anglo-Saxon sculpture fragments were found in March 1907 during excavations for the present nave of Hexham Abbey. Originally described as two distinct plaques - the crucifixion and an ecclesiastic. [Detailed discussion of fragments]. Possibly of early C8 date. (7)

Acca's Cross - three fragments, which together represent the majority of a tall standing cross originally c14ft high. Central part found in demolition of the eastern chapels of St Andrew's in 1858; the upper most part was found on the site of St Mary's Church in 1870; the lowest part came from Dilston [as above].
Discussion questioning the attribution to Acca. Possibly a preaching cross rather than a memorial. Not found in situ. May have come from St Mary's rather than St Andrew's. (8)

Acca's cross - name ACCA apparently visible on the cross in C19. Acca was a disciple of Wilfrid. (9)

'Extended niche type' hogback gravestone at Hexham. [Discussion of monument class]. (10)

A cup and ring marked rock is built into the monastic workshop of Hexham Abbey. (11)