East Learmouth Roman camp (Carham)
[NT 869370] A Roman temporary camp at Learmouth. The west side, approximately 925ft long, 875 ft of the north side and some 550ft of the south side have been identified so far; also a central west gate with tutulus and a north gate. (1)(2)
The site falls on undulating ground now under plough and pasture. There are no apparent surface indications of this camp, and it is not visible on available aerial photographs (RAF 1945). (3)
East Learmouth Roman camp surveyed by RCHME (Newcastle). This camp has been re-assessd in connection with RCHME's survey and publication of Roman Camps in England. The following descriptive account is taken from the published text.
Aerial reconnaissance has recorded the almost complete outline of a large camp some 600 m ESE of East Learmouth (St Joseph 1961, 120 (see auth 1); 1973, 215 (4a); CUCAP AAC 2-7 (4b)). It lies in undulating ground, on the top and the NW side of a spur, between about 52 m and 73 m above OD. From the highest point there is good visibility to the E, N, and W, especially towards the River Tweed to the NW.
The camp is not quite rectangular, measuring between 300 m and 318 m from N to S by about 445 m transversely; it encloses an area of about 13.6 ha (33.6 acres). Only the W side is approximately straight, for the others all pivot slightly at the gates, a feature observed on a number of other camps. Three entrances can be distinguished, each with a traverse set about 10 m to 12 m outside the ditch. The approximate position of the missing S entrance can be surmised opposite the N gate and just W of the road, in the area suggested by the change in the alignement of the S ditch. The E and W gates are centrally placed. The N and S entrances, however, are not precisely positioned in the characteristic 1:2 ratio along the E to W axis, so that the camp, which faced W, would have had a proportionately small praetentura.
The lack of symmetry in the layout of the camp is largely a reflection of the local topography. The N and S defences occupy broad E to W ridges. The highest point occurs midway along the S side. The N defensive line lies below the summit of the ridge and has a gradual fall from E to W. Twp slight hollows impinge on the E and W defences, the lowest point of the camp being just N of the gate in the W ditch. Because of this uneven ground, only the NW and SW corners of the camp are intervisible, hence, perhaps, the straightness of the W side. The location of the camp, which is less than ideal, may have been dictated by the need to select the driest ground in an area where there are a number of peat bogs.
In the NW quadrant of the camp, three sides of an enclosure are visible as cropmarks. The rather sharp corners and slight irregularities in the layout of this enclosure argue against its acceptance as another small camp. Some of the adjacent fine cropmarks could represent drains. Full information is included in the NMR Archive. (4) (8a-b)
Visible on further aerial photographs. (5)
RCHME account. (6)
A Roman temporary camp and ditches of uncertain date are visible as a cropmarks on air photographs at NT 8705 3698. It is incomplete but measures 442m E-W by 311m N-S and Several other linear ditches can be seen either overlying or overlain by the camp. These do not represent a second camp but are more likely to be field boundaries. At least some appear to be a continuation of the field system to the east. (7)
Several other linear ditches can be seen either overlying or overlain by the camp. As authority 4 suggests, these do not represent a second camp but are more likely to be field boundaries. At least some appear to be a continuation of the field system to the east (NT 83 NE 23 / UID 1129). (8c-e)
General association with HER 743 and HER 21200. (8)
The site falls on undulating ground now under plough and pasture. There are no apparent surface indications of this camp, and it is not visible on available aerial photographs (RAF 1945). (3)
East Learmouth Roman camp surveyed by RCHME (Newcastle). This camp has been re-assessd in connection with RCHME's survey and publication of Roman Camps in England. The following descriptive account is taken from the published text.
Aerial reconnaissance has recorded the almost complete outline of a large camp some 600 m ESE of East Learmouth (St Joseph 1961, 120 (see auth 1); 1973, 215 (4a); CUCAP AAC 2-7 (4b)). It lies in undulating ground, on the top and the NW side of a spur, between about 52 m and 73 m above OD. From the highest point there is good visibility to the E, N, and W, especially towards the River Tweed to the NW.
The camp is not quite rectangular, measuring between 300 m and 318 m from N to S by about 445 m transversely; it encloses an area of about 13.6 ha (33.6 acres). Only the W side is approximately straight, for the others all pivot slightly at the gates, a feature observed on a number of other camps. Three entrances can be distinguished, each with a traverse set about 10 m to 12 m outside the ditch. The approximate position of the missing S entrance can be surmised opposite the N gate and just W of the road, in the area suggested by the change in the alignement of the S ditch. The E and W gates are centrally placed. The N and S entrances, however, are not precisely positioned in the characteristic 1:2 ratio along the E to W axis, so that the camp, which faced W, would have had a proportionately small praetentura.
The lack of symmetry in the layout of the camp is largely a reflection of the local topography. The N and S defences occupy broad E to W ridges. The highest point occurs midway along the S side. The N defensive line lies below the summit of the ridge and has a gradual fall from E to W. Twp slight hollows impinge on the E and W defences, the lowest point of the camp being just N of the gate in the W ditch. Because of this uneven ground, only the NW and SW corners of the camp are intervisible, hence, perhaps, the straightness of the W side. The location of the camp, which is less than ideal, may have been dictated by the need to select the driest ground in an area where there are a number of peat bogs.
In the NW quadrant of the camp, three sides of an enclosure are visible as cropmarks. The rather sharp corners and slight irregularities in the layout of this enclosure argue against its acceptance as another small camp. Some of the adjacent fine cropmarks could represent drains. Full information is included in the NMR Archive. (4) (8a-b)
Visible on further aerial photographs. (5)
RCHME account. (6)
A Roman temporary camp and ditches of uncertain date are visible as a cropmarks on air photographs at NT 8705 3698. It is incomplete but measures 442m E-W by 311m N-S and Several other linear ditches can be seen either overlying or overlain by the camp. These do not represent a second camp but are more likely to be field boundaries. At least some appear to be a continuation of the field system to the east. (7)
Several other linear ditches can be seen either overlying or overlain by the camp. As authority 4 suggests, these do not represent a second camp but are more likely to be field boundaries. At least some appear to be a continuation of the field system to the east (NT 83 NE 23 / UID 1129). (8c-e)
General association with HER 743 and HER 21200. (8)
N734
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1967; E C Waight
MEASURED SURVEY, Measured Survey of East Learmouth Roman Camp as part of RCHME Roman Military North Project 1991; RCHME
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, English Heritage: Till Tweed NMP 2003; English Heritage
MEASURED SURVEY, Measured Survey of East Learmouth Roman Camp as part of RCHME Roman Military North Project 1991; RCHME
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, English Heritage: Till Tweed NMP 2003; English Heritage
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