Two Bronze Age barrows and a cairn at Kirkhaugh (Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh)
Two barrows excavated September 18th-21st, and October 12th 1935.
'A' [NY 7056 4930] Finds included, a crushed food vessel, a gold earring, and flint implements. No bone fragments were found.
'B' [NY 7086 4912] Contained a cist filled with fine mould and a few small stones. All finds are now in the Blackgate Museum Newcastle upon Tyne. (1)
Low turf-covered mounds devoid of ditches or retaining stones. 'A' 0.6m high 'B' 0.5m high. See G.P.'s AO/56/303/3 and AO/56/303/4. (2)
Correctly described. Surveyed at 1:2500. (3)
'A' (NY 70544929) Situated in a field of ridge and furrow and now visible as a turf-covered stony mound 0.9m high and 9.5m north west/south east by 6.5m. Although it is now oval it is probable that it was originally circular (about 9.5m) and has been cut and spread at its north east and south west sides by the ridge and furrow which runs in this direction. Predominantly stony and more of a cairn than a barrow it is still in good condition and there is no trace of the 1935 excavation.
'B' (NY 70864912) On flat arable ground about 17.0m north of a small cliff and visible as a turf-covered stony mound 0.6m high and 5.5m diameter. Although disturbed the cairn is in good condition but there is no trace of the cist.
'C' (NY 70734922) situated on a gentle south west facing slope with an excellent view is a prominent earth and stone flat topped mound. It has obviously been spread by ploughing and, though the field is seed-drilled at present, it is still proud and well-defined measuring about 0.6m average height and 24m diameter. It is almost certainly a cairn though of a different size and character to 'A' and 'B'. (Mr Raine the present farmer at Randalholm Hall has no further information regarding it). Surveyed at 1:2500. (4)
Excavation of two Bronze Age barrows by H Maryon. Barrow 1: undisturbed, contents from a single primary burial; find included a gold earring of the basket type, worked flint and stone, pottery. All but one sherd came from one vessel - a B-beaker (not a food vessel) type B3. (5)
Barrow at Kirkhaugh (NY 704494), boat-shaped gold earring. (6)
NY 703496. Flint arrowhead and other flint with beaker and gold basket earring in round barrow, in primary context; burial probably destroyed by acid soil. In [Museum of Antiquities?] Newcastle. (7)
Additional bibliography. (8)
Gold ear-ring(?) - other possibilities are to be noted, see Russel 1990 PPS 56, 153-72. It is suggested that the burial dates to around 2300 BC, see Fig 2, page 29, within a general review of embossed goldwork. (9)
Now in Great North Museum. (10)
Re-evaluation of the finds from Kirkhaugh has identified the Bell Beaker as one of the earliest in the region. The grave contained an All Over Corded Bell Beaker, a gold basket shaped ornament and may also have included a cushion stone. (11)
The group of three scheduled Bronze Age round cairns are visible as low turf-covered mounds on a prominent natural bench overlooking the River South Tyne. All of these are visible from the air. The largest has a diameter of approximately 24m and is also the highest at 343m aOD. The second round cairn of the group is located 203m to the west of the first and is at a slightly lower elevation. This cairn is of a markedly oval form and measures approximately 10.5m by 6m and may have been ploughed over by the ridge and furrow which is evident in the area. The third round cairn of the group is at a lower elevation and of a smaller size again, as 339m aOD and approximately 6m diameter. (12)
In 2014 detailed geomagnetic and earth resistance surveys were conducted over a Bell beaker barrow prior to renewed excavation. Both techniques recorded an oval feature around the cairn near the northern end of the promontory. Based on the geophysical evidence this was thought to be a ring ditch associated with the cairn. On excavation of a sondage to the south of the cairn, however, this was found to be a natural soil-filled feature. Other geophysical anomalies almost certainly reflect former ridge and furrow cultivation and a headland, variation in the rockhead topography and more recent activity. (13)
Three Bronze Age round cairns are visible as earthworks on lidar as described by authority 4 above. The westernmost cairn appears to have been denuded by medieval ridge and furrow cultivation (UID 1538022). They are extant on the latest 2009 lidar. (14a)
Is referred to by HER 31329. (14)
'A' [NY 7056 4930] Finds included, a crushed food vessel, a gold earring, and flint implements. No bone fragments were found.
'B' [NY 7086 4912] Contained a cist filled with fine mould and a few small stones. All finds are now in the Blackgate Museum Newcastle upon Tyne. (1)
Low turf-covered mounds devoid of ditches or retaining stones. 'A' 0.6m high 'B' 0.5m high. See G.P.'s AO/56/303/3 and AO/56/303/4. (2)
Correctly described. Surveyed at 1:2500. (3)
'A' (NY 70544929) Situated in a field of ridge and furrow and now visible as a turf-covered stony mound 0.9m high and 9.5m north west/south east by 6.5m. Although it is now oval it is probable that it was originally circular (about 9.5m) and has been cut and spread at its north east and south west sides by the ridge and furrow which runs in this direction. Predominantly stony and more of a cairn than a barrow it is still in good condition and there is no trace of the 1935 excavation.
'B' (NY 70864912) On flat arable ground about 17.0m north of a small cliff and visible as a turf-covered stony mound 0.6m high and 5.5m diameter. Although disturbed the cairn is in good condition but there is no trace of the cist.
'C' (NY 70734922) situated on a gentle south west facing slope with an excellent view is a prominent earth and stone flat topped mound. It has obviously been spread by ploughing and, though the field is seed-drilled at present, it is still proud and well-defined measuring about 0.6m average height and 24m diameter. It is almost certainly a cairn though of a different size and character to 'A' and 'B'. (Mr Raine the present farmer at Randalholm Hall has no further information regarding it). Surveyed at 1:2500. (4)
Excavation of two Bronze Age barrows by H Maryon. Barrow 1: undisturbed, contents from a single primary burial; find included a gold earring of the basket type, worked flint and stone, pottery. All but one sherd came from one vessel - a B-beaker (not a food vessel) type B3. (5)
Barrow at Kirkhaugh (NY 704494), boat-shaped gold earring. (6)
NY 703496. Flint arrowhead and other flint with beaker and gold basket earring in round barrow, in primary context; burial probably destroyed by acid soil. In [Museum of Antiquities?] Newcastle. (7)
Additional bibliography. (8)
Gold ear-ring(?) - other possibilities are to be noted, see Russel 1990 PPS 56, 153-72. It is suggested that the burial dates to around 2300 BC, see Fig 2, page 29, within a general review of embossed goldwork. (9)
Now in Great North Museum. (10)
Re-evaluation of the finds from Kirkhaugh has identified the Bell Beaker as one of the earliest in the region. The grave contained an All Over Corded Bell Beaker, a gold basket shaped ornament and may also have included a cushion stone. (11)
The group of three scheduled Bronze Age round cairns are visible as low turf-covered mounds on a prominent natural bench overlooking the River South Tyne. All of these are visible from the air. The largest has a diameter of approximately 24m and is also the highest at 343m aOD. The second round cairn of the group is located 203m to the west of the first and is at a slightly lower elevation. This cairn is of a markedly oval form and measures approximately 10.5m by 6m and may have been ploughed over by the ridge and furrow which is evident in the area. The third round cairn of the group is at a lower elevation and of a smaller size again, as 339m aOD and approximately 6m diameter. (12)
In 2014 detailed geomagnetic and earth resistance surveys were conducted over a Bell beaker barrow prior to renewed excavation. Both techniques recorded an oval feature around the cairn near the northern end of the promontory. Based on the geophysical evidence this was thought to be a ring ditch associated with the cairn. On excavation of a sondage to the south of the cairn, however, this was found to be a natural soil-filled feature. Other geophysical anomalies almost certainly reflect former ridge and furrow cultivation and a headland, variation in the rockhead topography and more recent activity. (13)
Three Bronze Age round cairns are visible as earthworks on lidar as described by authority 4 above. The westernmost cairn appears to have been denuded by medieval ridge and furrow cultivation (UID 1538022). They are extant on the latest 2009 lidar. (14a)
Is referred to by HER 31329. (14)
N6300
EXCAVATION, Bronze Age barrows at Kirkhaugh 1935
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1956; A S Phillips
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1966; R W Emsley
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1978; I S Sainsbury
WATCHING BRIEF, Burnstones - Slaggyford - Ayle OHL refurbishment, near Kirkhaugh: phase 1 Underbank and Kirkside Wood, between Kirkhaugh and Ayle 2009; Pre-Construct Archaeology
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, English Heritage: Miner-farmer landscapes of the North Pennines AONB NMP 2011; English Heritage
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY, Kirkhaugh Cairn 2014; Archaeological Services Durham University
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1956; A S Phillips
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1966; R W Emsley
FIELD OBSERVATION, Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigation 1978; I S Sainsbury
WATCHING BRIEF, Burnstones - Slaggyford - Ayle OHL refurbishment, near Kirkhaugh: phase 1 Underbank and Kirkside Wood, between Kirkhaugh and Ayle 2009; Pre-Construct Archaeology
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION, English Heritage: Miner-farmer landscapes of the North Pennines AONB NMP 2011; English Heritage
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY, Kirkhaugh Cairn 2014; Archaeological Services Durham University
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